Top 12 Engineering Career Paths

Engineers are people who are trained to solve complex technical problems and push the boundaries of science. As such, it’s an exciting and rewarding career path to follow! According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, a career in engineering is also very lucrative, with above average growth in terms of job openings, high salaries on offer, and many opportunities for career progression.

If you’re a high school student with an aptitude for math, science, and technology, as well as a talent for problem-solving and creativity, then engineering could be the perfect fit. But, with many disciplines within this field, it can be difficult to know where to start.

In this article, we’ll explore the main disciplines of engineering to help you get on track, including practical steps and insights to help you prepare for an engineering career.

Why consider a career in engineering?

The future looks bright for budding engineers, with job prospects expected to grow faster than average across almost all disciplines. Added to that, there are lots of good reasons to pursue a career in engineering. Here are the top five benefits:

Diverse career opportunities

Pursuing an engineering degree offers many different career opportunities. This could include choosing to specialize in civil or mechanical engineering, leveraging your passion for all things green by becoming an environmental engineer, or improving human health as a biomedical engineer. The opportunities are limitless and a foundational career in engineering can open many doors should you decide to switch careers in the future.

Benefit society

Engineers are involved in projects that greatly benefit society. Contributing to advancements in fields such as hydro-energy, driving advancements in rocket technology, or enhancing electric vehicle (EV) prototypes are all exciting areas to explore and rewarding career paths to follow. When you think you could be the one making a difference, it can be inspiring and fuel your passion.

Challenging work

When you consider how much time you spend at work, it makes sense to choose a career that is both exciting and challenging. Studying and working in the field of engineering will present many opportunities to expand your mind, hone your problem-solving skills, and deliver creative solutions to engineering problems.

Financial security

Money isn’t everything, but financial security allows freedom and independence to pursue your passions, live free from stress, and plan for your future. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, engineering graduates are in high demand, with an above average job growth rate of approximately 195,000 job openings each year from 2023 to 2033. Salary also follows suit, with engineering occupations attracting a median annual salary of $91,420 in 2023, versus a median annual wage of $48,060 for all other occupations.

Professional development

Careers in engineering can offer many opportunities for growth and advancement. This could include completing on-the-job and formal training to specialize in specific engineering fields or moving into management positions. Staying up to date with the latest developments in your field will allow you to maintain a competitive edge and enhance your skill set.

Popular engineering careers

Engineering is an expansive career field so there are many specialties to explore. Below is a list of 11 common types of engineering careers you might consider:

1.     Civil Engineer

Civil engineering involves the design, supervision, and testing of large infrastructure projects, such as highways, bridges, railroads, and other major public construction projects. Civil engineers may steer projects from inception to completion, or provide input during a specific phase, such as design, surveying, or environmental engineering.

Average salary. Projected growth in job openings is healthy at 6% for civil engineers from 2023 to 2033, with an average salary of $95,890 in 2023.

Study path. Successful civil engineers will typically complete a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering or a related field. Many students opt to specialize in an area of interest, such as architectural, transport, structural, or urban engineering. What you choose will depend on what you’re passionate about. For example, if you’re excited about sustainability and public transport systems, then transportation engineering could be a great option.

Following the four-year degree program and completion of the compulsory Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) examination, new graduates typically gain experience in trainee roles or internships. Once you have acquired a few years of entry-level civil engineering experience, you can complete the Professional Engineering (PE) exam and become licensed.

Work environment. Most civil engineers balance their time between the office and working outdoors on construction sites, but this is dependent on specialty and each project. For larger firms you will likely have the opportunity to work on-site on projects in different states or foreign countries. Here are some of the top civil engineering companies to target:

• AECOM. Global engineering firm offering many opportunities for civil engineers, including entry-level roles for recent graduates.

• Jacobs Engineering Group. Multinational firm, providing engineering and construction services across a wide range of industries. Internships are available for students pursuing a civil engineering degree.

• Skanska AB. World-leading project development and construction company, serving diverse clients and committed to sustainability and ethical business practices.

2.     Mechanical Engineer

Selecting a career in mechanical engineering offers amazing job opportunities and excellent job stability due to the high level of demand for this engineering profession. Graduates can work in R&D, design, testing, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems as well as pursue other opportunities in management or teaching.

Average salary. Employment of mechanical engineers is projected to grow by 11% from 2023 to 2033, much faster than the average of all other occupations. The average salary for mechanical engineers in 2023 was $99,510.

Study path. Complete a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering which takes four years, followed by the FE exam and PE examination to gain your license. Some states also require continuing education to maintain licensure.

Most degree programs offer concentrations, such as design and manufacturing. Depending on the field you choose, you may be required to complete additional certifications by accredited organizations, such as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This could include areas such as advanced control systems design or green design and sustainability.

Work environment. Most mechanical engineers are office-based and work in engineering services, research and development, or manufacturing. Here are some of the top employers that also offer great opportunities for students and graduates:

• Apple. Needs no introduction! The tech giant offers internships in product design and mechanical engineering and materials, among many others.

• Caterpillar. Leading manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, engines, and industrial turbines, offering many opportunities for students and graduates.

• Boeing. Aerospace company, specializing in aircraft design and mechanical systems for commercial and defense sectors. Ranked in Top 100 Internship Programs.

3.     Electrical Engineer

If you’re fascinated by technology, electronics, and how things work, then a career in electrical engineering should be on your radar. Electrical engineers design, test, and optimize electrical systems in addition to conducting R&D to stay ahead of the curve. While the related field of electronic engineering focuses on the design and development of electronic circuits and devices such as those found on computers and smartphones. Career paths can range from renewable energy, to robotics, and telecommunications.

Average salary. Overall employment of electrical and electronics engineers is expected to grow by 9% in the next 10 years. Median annual wage in 2023 for electrical engineers was $106,950 and for electronic engineers was an impressive $119,200.

Study path. Employers will be on the lookout for electrical engineers with a bachelor’s degree from a program approved by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). Typical majors include electrical engineering, electronics engineering, or electronic engineering technology. Graduates then complete the FE exam, secure at least four years of relevant work experience, followed by the PE exam to secure their license.

Work environment. There are diverse settings in which electrical or electronics engineer can be employed. Here are some organizations that may prove of interest:

• Government. Federal agencies are always looking for individuals with strong engineering skills, and electronics and electrical engineering rank highly in their top 10 engineering fields.

• Siemens. Major technology company, focused on driving innovation via automation, electrification, and digitalization. Career opportunities include cutting-edge engineering development programs and global job openings with relocation support.

• Tesla. Trailblazer in sustainable energy via the development of electric cars, solar, and renewable energy solutions. There are plenty of opportunities for electrical engineers, such as internships as well as jobs involving R&D, electrical design, testing, AI, and robotics.

4.     Computer Engineer

Computer engineers apply their technical skills and abilities to design computer software, hardware, systems, and networks, with the primary goal of ensuring smooth workflow. This engineering path offers the chance to specialize in certain areas, such as AI, robotics, operating systems, virtual reality, and mobile apps.

Average salary. The median annual wage for computer hardware engineers was $138,080 in 2023 and job openings are projected to grow by 7% from 2023 to 2033.

Study path. Completing a bachelor’s degree in computer science or a related field is your first step on the path to becoming a computer engineer. Many students also decide to major in math, software engineering, or electrical engineering, as well as complete hands-on projects and internships to boost their skill set and gain practical experience.

Certifications are also extremely attractive to prospective employers, so it’s worth securing relevant qualifications. Cisco, Microsoft, Meta, and the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA) all offer recognized certifications in the areas of networking, programming, front-end development, and information security.

Work environment. Most of the work completed by computer engineers will be office-based or remote, making this an extremely flexible job. There are also diverse industries you can target, from research and educational institutions, to aeronautical firms, gaming and entertainment, or healthcare organizations. Here are some examples:

• Intel. Leading hardware development company who design, manufacture and sell computer components and related products. Internship programs are not only innovative, but a high number of interns are subsequently hired by the company.

• Microsoft. The largest vendor of computer software in the world. While the application process will undoubtedly be competitive, there are lots of opportunities for talented computer engineers, whether graduate, intermediate, or senior level.

• Healthcare. Working in healthcare can prove to be an extremely rewarding career. Computer engineers in this sector might develop new medical devices and software applications as well as manage hospital networks and IT infrastructure.

5.     Chemical Engineer

Applying math, science, and technology to engineer solutions and create innovations involving chemicals, food, fuel, and medication can make a huge difference in the world. Chemical engineers perform challenging work, but exciting career prospects, great pay, and a rewarding career make this career well worth pursuing.

Average salary. The job outlook is very positive for chemical engineers with 10% projected growth in employment from 2023 to 2033. Average salary in 2023 was $112,100. 

Study path. Completing a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering approved by ABET is a requirement for most jobs, with studies focused on chemistry, biology, physics, and math fundamentals as well as specific chemical processes and products. This is then followed by the FE exam, four years of relevant work experience, and PE licensure.

Aspiring chemical engineers often opt to complete graduate degrees, such as a master’s or doctoral degree, to secure higher positions. Some universities offer a five-year program so that you can complete a bachelor’s and master’s degree in close succession.

Work environment. Balancing their work between the office and laboratory, chemical engineers often work in manufacturing facilities to oversee processes and ensure optimal Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) standards. Here are some of the top companies employing chemical engineers:

• ExxonMobil. Global firm, providing energy and chemical resources to diverse sectors, with jobs in process chemistry/engineering and chemical modelling.

• Cargill. Food, ingredients, agricultural solutions, and industrial products are at the heart of Cargill’s business operations. The company offer career opportunities via engineering co-ops, internships, associate roles, and global job openings.

• DuPont. Engineering job opportunities across multiple disciplines, including chemical engineering, with operations primarily involving biotechnology and the manufacture of chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

6.     Biomedical Engineer

Biomedical engineers develop medical devices in close liaison with healthcare professionals, such as prosthetics, implants, diagnostic technology, monitoring systems, and surgical techniques. Having a positive impact on healthcare by improving patient care and medical technologies can be an extremely rewarding career choice.

Average salary. The median annual wage for biomedical engineers in 2023 was $100,730 with the job outlook healthy and projected to grow by 7% from 2023 to 2033. 

Study path. Students interested in biomedical engineering typically have a strong science and math background in high school. This would involve taking advanced math and science classes as well as completing computer science or programming classes. Completion of a bachelor’s degree in biomedical engineering or general engineering would follow high school studies, combined with internships at medical device manufacturers, hospitals, or Pharma companies.

Elevating job prospects can also be achieved by completing a master’s and doctoral degree in biomedical engineering, with the opportunity to specialize in specific areas of interest such as biomolecular engineering or physiology.

Work environment. Biomedical engineers can be employed in a variety of settings, from hospitals, to manufacturing companies, or academia. Here are some examples:

• Medtronic. Global leader in medical device technology and healthcare solutions. The company offers paid internships as well as opportunities for recent graduates.

• Pharmaceutical companies. Many biomedical engineers work for pharmaceutical companies who design, build, and test medical devices as well as experiment with innovative treatments.

• Universities. Working for a university could involve researching new technologies, studying finalized products, and teaching biomedical engineering students.

7.     Aerospace Engineer

Passionate about aviation? Qualifying as an aerospace engineer could offer you the opportunity to design, build, and test aircraft or spacecraft, such as airplanes, helicopters, drones, and even rockets! Many aerospace engineers specialize in focus areas such as aerodynamics or control systems as well as drive innovation via research and development.

Average salary. Median annual wage for these professionals was $130,720 during 2023 and a healthy job outlook is predicted of 6% growth from 2023 to 2033.

Study path. Aerospace engineers have a bachelor’s degree at a minimum, with many also completing a master’s and doctoral degree due to the competitive nature of this field of engineering. Common majors include aeronautical science, which involves the study of flight and risk management, or aerospace engineering, which is focused on the design and development of aircraft and super craft systems.

Aside from on-the-job training, entry-level aerospace engineers don’t require any additional credentials. However, many mid-career aerospace engineers complete the Professional Engineering (PE) license which allows them to take on leadership roles.

Work environment. Pursuing a career in aerospace engineering can open many doors across a range of industries, including aerospace, energy, defense, automotive, and computing. The majority of aerospace engineers work in the field of aircraft parts and manufacturing, with a smaller percentage working in aerospace products/parts manufacture, R&D, and national security. Here are some top employers:

• Lockheed Martin. Leading global security, defense, and aerospace contractor that students voted as #1 most attractive employer for engineering careers in 2024. The company has worked on major projects, including the Orion Spacecraft.

• Boeing. Another mention for the world’s largest aerospace company and leading producer of commercial airlines, defense aircraft, and communication systems.

• NASA. Renowned US Government agency responsible for science and technology related to air and space. The company hires 20 different types of engineers, mostly aerospace, general, and computer engineers, and offers exciting internship programs.

8.    Industrial Engineer

Industrial engineers develop optimized processes for organizations, with focus on boosting operational efficiency and product quality, as well as reducing production costs. As a result the demand for industrial engineers is constantly high as companies are always looking to improve their operations. If you’re a talented problem-solver, this could be an ideal career.

Average salary. The median annual wage for industrial engineers was $99,380 in May 2023, with a significant 12% growth in employment projected from 2023 to 2033.

Study path. Completing a bachelor’s degree in industrial engineering, or a related field that covers engineering principles, mechanics, math, and statistical computing, is the first step. A master’s degree could also give you the edge when applying for jobs. A good reference point is to check the educational requirements on advertised jobs that interest you, so you can use this to make informed choices about your academic studies.

Honing your skills is also important when pursuing a career as an industrial engineer. Strong communication, critical-thinking, interpersonal, and math skills are some of the abilities that most successful industrial engineers possess. Take opportunities to polish these skills via project work, internships, summer courses, volunteer work, or part-time jobs.

Work environment. The majority of industrial engineers work at manufacturing or production companies, but there are other career opportunities in logistics, supply chain management, operations, and quality control. Here are some target companies:

• Procter & Gamble. Multinational that focuses on consumer goods, where industrial engineers are valued for optimizing manufacturing systems and processes.

• General Motors (GM). Major automotive company that relies on industrial engineers for supply chain, manufacturing, and production optimization.

• Government. Government bodies, such as the Department of Energy, are on the lookout for talented industrial engineers to improve their manufacturing processes. In return they offer great benefits, incentives, and career development opportunities.  

9.     Environmental Engineer

Sustainability is a priority for the majority of organizations, so working as an environmental engineer developing systems and practices that boost sustainability will ensure your skills and experience are in demand. Areas of focus for environmental engineers can include water resources, air quality, waste management, and renewable energy.

Average salary. Median annual pay for environmental engineers was $100,090 in 2023, with projected employment growth of 7% from 2023 to 2033.

Study path. Start your journey to becoming an environmental engineer by completing a bachelor’s degree in environmental engineering or a related field, such as civil, chemical, or general engineering. Relevant internships, externships, or education programs are also extremely attractive to potential employers.

Aspiring environmental engineers may need to complete the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE), Environmental exam which is specific to this branch of engineering. This depends on the state you live in, so might not be a requirement. Many environmental engineers choose also to complete the PE exam following a few years of work experience. This can boost your employment potential and is a requirement if you plan to work for consulting firms or government agencies. Graduate degrees can also open up many new doors too.

Work environment. Environmental engineers balance their time between the office and site locations, so if you love the outdoors and are passionate about the environment then you’re likely to enjoy this engineering field. You may also have the opportunity to work in different states or foreign countries. Here are some firms you could be working for:

• HDR Inc. Operating across five continents, HDR provide engineering, design, and construction services to diverse clients, with environmental projects including renewable energy, water, and waste management. 

• Tetra Tech. Global provider of consulting, engineering, and technical services for diverse environmental projects, including water, environment, sustainability, and renewable energy. 

• Oceanit. Based out of Honolulu, Hawaii, Oceanit provides solutions for harbor and utilities engineering, flood control, coastal engineering and shoreline resilience, and environmental restoration projects, among others.

10.  Materials Engineering

Materials engineers create, test, deploy, and enhance advanced materials, such as high-performance alloys, ceramics, plastics, and metal-matrix composites, working across wide-ranging industries from aerospace to manufacturing. For example, they may optimize the use of metals and carbon-fiber to create stronger, lighter, and more durable vehicles for the automotive industry.

Average salary. Median annual wage for materials engineers was $104,100 in 2023, with growth of 7% in job openings predicted from 2023 to 2033.

Study path. If materials engineering sparks your interest, complete as many high school math and science courses as possible followed by a specialized engineering degree, such as materials or civil engineering. Completing internships and cooperative-engineering programs in school will also provide some valuable hands-on experience.

Many states require materials engineers to be licensed, so completing the FE exam, gaining several years work experience, then completing the Professional Examination (PE) exam will ensure you have a strong position when applying for future jobs.

Work environment. You may be working in an office, R&D laboratory, or hands-on in a production setting as a materials engineer. Here are some leading innovators in the field:

• Applied Materials. Leader in materials engineering solutions used to produce semiconductor chips and advance displays for computers, TV, and solar products.

• GE Healthcare. Innovator in medical technology, pharmaceutical diagnostics, and digital solutions, offering apprenticeships, internships, and development programs.

• Corning. Forward-thinking materials science company, known for its work with glass and ceramics, particularly in electronics and telecommunications.

11.  Architectural Engineer

Architectural engineering is similar to civil and mechanical engineering, but it's focused on the construction, renovation, and maintenance of buildings, including super skyscrapers. Architectural engineers work closely with architects in the design process to ensure structural integrity, regulatory compliance, assess use concerns such as soundproofing and proper ventilation, and collaborate with contractors to monitor the execution and safety of construction.

Average salary. Architectural and related engineering fields are projected to have a healthy growth rate of 6% from 2023 to 2033, with a median salary of $91,420 in 2023.

Study path. Successful architectural engineers will typically complete a bachelor’s degree in architectural, civil, or structural engineering, obtain on-the-job training, and earn additional certifications such as the Architectural Engineering Institute (AEI) PE exam. Further degrees are not typically required for architectural engineering openings, but some companies may prefer a master’s degree for consideration.

Work environment. Architectural engineers typically divide their time between both the office and working outdoors on construction sites, but the specifics will depend on the requirements of each project. There may also be opportunities to work on-site on projects in different states or abroad. Here are some of the top architectural engineering firms to seek employment from:

• HOK. A global, design, architecture, engineering and planning firm, HOK has delivered some of the world’s top building projects such as South Korea’s Science Hub.

• Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. SOM is an architectural, urban planning, and engineering firm with offices across four continents. Prominent SOM projects include the super skyscrapers One World Trade Center and the Burj Khalifa.

• Kohn Pederson Fox. KPF provides architecture, design, and engineering services for civic and commercial spaces, as well as transportation facilities worldwide. Notable past projects include the The World Bank Headquarters and the MoMA.

12.  Nuclear Engineer

Researching, developing, and operating systems and processes to harness nuclear energy are the typical responsibilities of a nuclear engineer. This could include developing medical or industrial uses for these materials as well as ensuring nuclear energy is managed safely.

Average salary. Nuclear engineers can expect a median annual wage of $125,460. Due to this being a niche engineering sector there is no growth predicted in job openings for the next 10 years. However, approximately 700 job openings are projected annually due to people exiting the labor force. Moreover, jobs related to nuclear power may be limited to existing plant locations.

Study path. Completing a bachelor’s degree in the field is the minimum requirement to become a nuclear engineer, usually followed by a graduate degree. Nuclear engineers also need to pass the FE exam, secure relevant work experience, and then take the PE exam. Some states also require a professional license as well as PE certification.

Work environment. The majority of nuclear engineers are based in nuclear power plants, but there are other opportunities in hospitals where medical imaging is used, government entities, private energy companies, and consulting firms.

• Government. The US Navy and Department of Energy employ nuclear engineers, including roles in research, environmental science, and safety management.

• Power plants. Engineers design nuclear equipment and reactors, oversee waste disposal, and manage nuclear power production, with heavy focus on safety.

• Bechtel Corporation. Engineering, procurement, construction, and project management firm that employs engineers across various disciplines, including nuclear engineers.

Conclusion - Top 12 Engineering Career Paths

Engineering offers an exciting and rewarding career, including diverse career paths, challenging work, great salaries, and many professional development opportunities. There are four main areas of engineering — chemical, civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering — but also many other specific types of engineering to consider when making choices about your education and future career goals and objectives.

Every engineering discipline focuses on solving specific types of problems, whether in infrastructure, healthcare, technology, energy, or the environment. Each career path typically starts with a related engineering degree, with options for further specialization through graduate studies. There are also licensing requirements in certain states as well as specific certifications and accreditations that can give you a competitive edge in the job market.

If you have an aptitude for math, science, and technology, a talent for creative problem-solving, communication, and logical thinking, then a career in engineering could be the perfect fit. This article is a great way to explore these options, but for further insights you can take a look at our guide to the top skills needed to become a successful engineer. To get a real taste of advanced studies in the field you might also consider completing an online engineering research internship or a summer engineering course.